VACCINATION
[a] Hepatitis B vaccine: This vaccine is given to most newborns before they are discharged from the hospital. The first dose is typically given at birth, the second dose at age 1 to 2 months, and the third dose at age 6 to 18 months. Infants who did not receive a dose at birth should begin the series as soon as possible.
[b] Rotavirus vaccine: Depending on the vaccine used, two or three doses of the vaccine are required. With one vaccine, the first dose is given at age 2 months and the second dose at age 4 months. With the other vaccine, the first dose is given at age 2 months, the second dose at age 4 months, and the third dose at age 6 months.
[c] Haemophilusinfluenzae type b (Hib) vaccine: Depending on the vaccine used, three or four doses of the Hib vaccine are required. With one vaccine, the first dose is given at age 2 months, the second dose at age 4 months, and the third dose at age 12 to 15 months. With the other vaccine, the first dose is given at age 2 months, the second dose at age 4 months, the third dose at age 6 months, and the fourth dose at age 12 to 15 months.
[f] Pneumococcal vaccine: Four doses of the vaccine are given. The first dose is given at age 2 months, the second dose at age 4 months, the third dose at age 6 months, and the fourth dose at age 12 to 15 months.
[g] Meningococcal vaccine: Two doses of the vaccine are given. The first dose is given at age 11 to 12 years and the second dose at age 16 years (not shown on the above schedule).
[h] Influenza (flu) vaccine: The influenza vaccine should be given yearly to all children, beginning at age 6 months. There are two types of vaccine available. One or two doses are needed, depending on age and other factors. Most children need only one dose. Children who are 6 months to 8 years old who have received fewer than two doses or whose influenza vaccination history is unknown should receive two doses at least 4 weeks apart .
[i] Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine: Two doses of the vaccine are given. The first dose is given at age 12 to 15 months and the second dose at age 4 to 6 years.
[j] Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine: Two doses of the vaccine are given. The first dose is given at age 12 to 15 months and the second dose at age 4 to 6 years.
[k] Hepatitis A vaccine: Two doses of the vaccine are needed for lasting protection. The first dose is given between ages 12 to 23 months, and the second dose 6 to 18 months later. If children over age 24 months have not been vaccinated, they can still be given the hepatitis A vaccine if desired.
[l] Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: Routine vaccination is recommended at age 11 to 12 years (can start at age 9 years) and for previously unvaccinated or not adequately vaccinated people up through age 26 years (not shown on the above schedule). The human papillomavirus vaccine is given to girls and boys in 2 or 3 doses. The number of doses depends on how old the child is when the first dose is given. Those given the first dose at age 9 to 14 years are given 2 doses, separated by at least 5 months. Those given the first dose at age 15 years or older are given 3 doses. The second dose is given at least 1 month after the first, and the third dose is given at least 5 months after the first dose.
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and the Vaccines that Prevent Them
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CHILD VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASE EASY READ |
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Disease |
Vaccine |
Disease spread by |
Disease symptoms |
Disease complications |
|
Chickenpox |
Varicella vaccine protects |
Air, direct contact |
Rash, tiredness, headache, fever |
Infected blisters, bleeding disorders, encephalitis (brain swelling), |
|
Diphtheria |
DTaP* |
Air, direct contact |
Sore throat, mild fever, weakness, swollen glands in neck |
Swelling of the heart muscle, heart failure, coma, paralysis, death |
|
Hib |
Hib vaccine |
Air, direct contact |
May be no symptoms unless bacteria enter the blood |
Meningitis (infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord), |
|
|
HepA vaccine |
Direct contact, contaminated food or water |
May be no symptoms, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, |
Liver failure, arthralgia (joint pain), kidney, pancreatic, and blood |
|
Hepatitis B |
HepB vaccine |
Contact with blood or body fluids |
May be no symptoms, fever, headache, weakness, vomiting, jaundice
(yellowing |
Chronic liver infection, liver failure, liver cancer |
|
Influenza (Flu) |
Flu vaccine protects |
Air, direct contact |
Fever, muscle pain, sore throat, cough, extreme fatigue |
Pneumonia (infection in the lungs) |
|
Measles |
MMR** |
Air, direct contact |
Rash, fever, cough, runny nose, pink eye |
Encephalitis (brain swelling), pneumonia (infection in the lungs), death |
|
Mumps |
MMR**vaccine |
Air, direct contact |
Swollen salivary glands (under the jaw), fever, headache, tiredness,
muscle |
Meningitis (infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord), |
|
Pertussis |
DTaP* |
Air, direct contact |
Severe cough, runny nose, apnea (a pause in breathing in infants) |
Pneumonia (infection in the lungs), death |
|
Polio |
IPV vaccine |
Air, direct contact, through the mouth |
May be no symptoms, sore throat, fever, nausea, headache |
Paralysis, death |
|
|
PCV13 vaccine |
Air, direct contact |
May be no symptoms, pneumonia (infection in the lungs) |
Bacteraemia (blood infection), meningitis (infection of the covering
around |
|
Rotavirus |
RV vaccine |
Through the mouth |
Diarrhea, fever, vomiting |
Severe diarrhea, dehydration |
|
Rubella |
MMR** |
Air, direct contact |
Sometimes rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes |
Very serious in pregnant women—can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, |
|
Tetanus |
DTaP* |
Exposure through cuts in skin |
Stiffness in neck and abdominal muscles, difficulty swallowing, muscle |
Broken bones, breathing difficulty, death |
* MMR combines protection against measles, mumps, and rubella.